Numerous of scientific publications on the subject and a large statistical data base.
POWER2YOUTH aimed at offering a comprehensive multi-level, interdisciplinary and gender-sensitive approach to the understanding of youth in the SEM (South-Eastern Mediterranean) region with a cross-national comparative design (case studies of Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Lebanon, Occupied Palestinian Territories, and Turkey). In particular, it explored the root causes of youth exclusion at three different levels of analysis (macro, meso and micro), while also investigating the role of youth collective and individual agency in challenging different forms of power.
This paper explores how the current dynamics in the energy market sector affect, and are affected by, the interactions between the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and the global order. In particular, it aims to answer the overarching question: “Is MENA peripheral to or embedded in global dynamics in relation to energy?” To do so, the paper builds on the methodology and concept paper issued by the MENARA consortium in November 2017 and particularly seeks to address the research questions identified in the paper. After presenting an overview of the main global and regional energy trends, the paper analyses the current relationships between the key global energy players and the MENA countries at policy, industry and market levels. It discusses the role of critical actors that have an influence on the MENA energy landscape, and identifies the main hotspots for discussion.
Food security in the MENA region will become one of the key issues of the 21st century. If insufficiently addressed, it may lead to severe social, environmental, economic and political consequences. Given high population growth across the region and the fact that water could be a bottleneck for agricultural production, the region will have to reform its agricultural sector toward resource-efficient, high-value crop farming systems. Europe can play a key role by promoting trade between the MENA and Europe, by increasing investment in the MENA region for food and water security and by strengthening policy institutions to manage every drop of water in the most efficient manner.
In the MENA region, the realization of the United Nations General Assembly’s SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) is limited and slow. The priorities given to the seventeen SDGs differ significantly across the region due to the specific needs and situations of each country. Positive changes can be observed, for example for renewable energy, while other important goals remain unattained. Conflicts present a major obstacle for advancement. One step forward would be to establish institutions to concentrate efforts and mobilize action within all segments of society. The EU could support such developments by enhancing peer-to-peer contacts and cooperation.
Author United Nations Environment Programme – Mediterranean Action Plan – Plan Bleu
Introduction Over the last decades, human-induced pressures have increasingly affected the Mediterranean region. Population growth and unsustainable production and consumption patterns have led to environmental degradation. Despite some progress, economic growth continues to increase resource consumption and carbon emissions. Land- and sea-use change, in particular on the coast, are detrimental to the environment. Exploitation of resources and organisms, pollution and climate change are projected to exacerbate pre-existing fragilities in the Mediterranean, leading to “multiple stresses and systemic failures” (IPCC, 20141), putting health and livelihoods at risk. Progress has been achieved in policy responses and actions to manage the Mediterranean more sustainably. Results are positive compared to scenarios with no intervention. However, these results have not been sufficient to reduce the most significant pressures on the environment and to safeguard the Mediterranean for present and future generations while meeting human development needs. Current trends do not allow achievement of Good Environmental Status (GES) of the Mediterranean Sea by 2020. In line with worldwide trends, “global goals for 2030 and beyond may only be achieved through transformative changes across economic, social, political and technological factors” (IPBES, 20192). Urgent and collective efforts for transformative change are required to safeguard the Mediterranean environment, while simultaneously fostering human development, taking into account differences between Mediterranean countries. Mediterranean countries have committed to achieve GES of the Mediterranean Sea and coast and more largely the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) under the United Nations 2030 Agenda. A fundamental reorganization of economic and social systems, including changes in paradigms and values, is required to achieve these commitments.
The COVID-19 pandemic not only conditions the Mediterranean region’s evolution, but also affects all areas of its society, across the board. That’s why the Yearbook devotes its Dossier to analysing the perspectives of Euromed relations in times of the coronavirus through the prisms of different themes while the articles of the Panorama section (short articles on the most relevant themes in the Mediterranean area) offer a transversal vision of the effects of the pandemic on regions, countries and strategic sectors.
The Keys section focuses on popular mobilizations that have taken place in the MENA region, climate change in the Mediterranean, Europe’s relations with Africa, the status quo of the conflicts in the region and their geopolitical context.
Finally, the Yearbook offers chronologies, statistics and maps, which provide a wealth of information and serve as the perfect complement to the analysis offered in the articles.
Authors: Vittorio Daniele e Paolo Malanima (University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro)
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the trends of economic, social and political inequality among the Mediterranean countries in the period 1950-2015. After the examination of the inequalities in GDP per capita among and within nations, we present a human development index (HDI) that includes a measure of democratic achievements. The main result is that inequalities in income, after the rise from the 1950s onwards, declined from the start of the twenty-first century. Inequalities in HDI, instead, constantly diminished in the period under examination, while a process of democratization occurred. On the whole, despite the convergence among Mediterranean countries, economic inequalities are much deeper than those in social and political indicators.
Le portail des données opérationnelles (ODP) a été créé en 2011 pour permettre au HCR de se charger de la responsabilité institutionnelle de fournir une plate-forme de partage d’informations et de données pour faciliter la coordination des urgences de réfugiés. Ceci a été réalisé en utilisant des «vues de situation» indépendantes couvrant les urgences majeures telles que la situation en Syrie ou l’urgence en République centrafricaine et la région méditerranéenne, entre autres.
In climatology, the terms climate change or climate change indicate the variations of the climate from the Earth, i.e. variations at different spatial scales (regional, continental, hemispherical and global) and historical-temporal (ten-year, secular, millennial and ultramillennial) of one or multiple environmental and climatic parameters in their average values: temperatures (average, maximum and minimum), precipitation, cloud cover, ocean temperatures, distribution and development of plants and animals.
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change uses the term “climate change” to refer to climate change attributed directly or indirectly to human activities, which alters the composition of the world atmosphere and adds to the natural variability of the climate observed over time periods. comparable.
Cast: Bora Altaş (Yusuf); Erdal Besikçioglu (the father Yakup); Tülin Özen (mother Zehra)
Country: Turkey | Year: 2010 | Duration: 104 ‘
Yusuf is a lonely child who lives with his parents in a remote area of a mountain forest. The parent raises bees and the child has great admiration for the one with whom he shares secrets. Yusuf, who can read fluently at home, is stuck at school and cannot get the red plaque that the teacher women as a reward for those who read well. The decrease in the presence of the parents’ appi necessitates trying to place the hives in more remote locations and at higher heights. One day the man will not return, and while his wife goes looking for him, the child will feel prompted to hope for his next reappearance from a sacred reading.
